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7theVictorianage(1832-1901)Realism:Amodeofwritingthatgivestheimpressionofrecordingor“reflecting”faithfullyanactualwayoflife.Dramaticmonologue:apieceofspokenversethatoffersgreatinsightintothefeelingsofthespeakers.Atypeoflyricpoetrywritteninaformofaspeechofanindividualcharactertohisorherauditors(listeners)Bildgungsroman(coming-of–agenovel成长小说):atermcoinedinliterarycriticism,whichpurportedlydefinesagenreofthenovelwhichfocusesonthepsychologicalandmoralgrowthoftheprotagonistfromyouthtoadulthood,andinwhichcharacterchangeisthusextremelyimportant.8.20thcenturyModernism:.Ageneraltermappliedtothewiderangeofexperimentalandavant-gardetrendsinliteratureandotherartsoftheearly2othcentury,includingSymbolism,Futurism,Expressionism,Imagism,Dada,andSurrealism.Itischaracterizedchieflybyarejectionof19thcenturytraditions,eg,arejectionoftraditionalmetres.disengagedfrombourgeoisvaluesadoptingcomplexanddifficultnewformsandstylesStreamofconsciousness:Thecontinuousflowofperceptions,thoughts,feelings,andmemoriesinthehumanmind,oraliterarymethodofrepresentingsuchablendingofmentalprocessesinfictionalcharacters,usu.inanunpunctuatedordisjointedformofinteriormonologueSymbolism:Symbolismisthewritingtechniqueofusingsymbols.It’saliterarymovementthataroseinFranceinthelasthalfofthe19thcenturyandthatgreatlyinfluencedmanyEnglishwriters,particularlypoets,ofthe20thcentury.Itenablespoetstocompressaverycomplexideaorsetofideasintooneimageorevenoneword.It’soneofthemostpowerfuldevicesthatpoetsemployincreation.象征主义：使用象征来写作的一种技巧。象征主义在19世纪后半页在法国兴起，对英国作家产生了很大的影响，尤其是在20世纪诗歌方面。它让诗人把非常复杂的思想浓缩成一个意象甚至一个词。它是诗人在创作中使用的最有力的手段。Saga:AprosenarrativeusuallywritteninIcelandbetween1120and1400,dealingwiththefamiliesthatfirstsettledIcelandandtheirdescendants,withthehistoriesofthekingsofNorway,andwiththemythsandlegendsofearlyGermanicgodsandheroes.6,theageofromanticism(1798-1832)IamgeThoughthetermsuggestsathingseen,whenspeakingofimagesinpoetrywegenerallymeanawordorsequenceofwordsthatreferstoanysensoryexperie
