曹野：辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计ThemethodofmininginChinaTheKnowncoal-bearingareaisabout0.55millionkm2inChina.Almostalltheprovices,cities,autonomousregions(includingTaiwanProvice)possesscertainamountofcoalreserves.Chinaisoneofthccountriesintheworldofwhichthecoalreservesarerichest.Theprovedreservesaccountedfor782234Mtattheendof1985.ThemaindepositioncharacteristicsofcoalformationinChinaareasfollows:(1)Thegeologicperiodwhenthecoalwasformedislong.FromearlyPalaeozoicEratotheQuaternaryPeriodcoaldepositionwasalreadyproved.Sovarioustypesofdepostingstatesandmultiseamformationwerefound.(2)Thegeologicalstructuressufferedbycoal-bearingformationsaremuchmore,Sovariousgeologicalconditionsareencounteredincoaldepositingfields,suchasfolds,faults,irregularthicknessandinclinationofcoalseams.Asconsideringthethicknessofcoalseams,theamountofreservesofthincoalseamsaccountsfor17.36%,ofmediunthickcoaiseamsfor37.84%,ofthickcoalseamsfor44.8%;Asconsideringtheinclinationofcoalseams,theamountofreservesofgentlyinclinedcoalseamsaccountsfor85.95%,ofinclinedoalseamsfor10.16%,ofinclinedseamsfor3.89%.Itbeseenthat0fgently.inclinedmediumthickandthickcoalseamsaccountformostpartofthetotalreserves.Alloftheabovefactorsdeterminedthattheminingmethodspracticallyadoptedmustbe!manifold.Accordingofincompletestatisticinformationtherearetotally54ofminingmethodswhichhavebeenexperiencedinChina.Theformationoftheseminingmethodshasundergonealongperiod.Especially,afterthefoundingofP.R.Chinaminingmethodsaregraduallydevoloping,reformingandimproving,andabundantexperienceshavebeenaccumulated.Chinaisnotonlyoneofthecountriesintheworldwhichproducelargeamountofcoaleachyear,butalsooneoftheearliestcounhriesintheworldwhichexploitandutilizecoalreserves.ThehistoryofexploitingandutilizingcoalreservesinChinabeganasearlyas6to7thousandsyearsago.Beforeliberation,onlythemachinespoweredbysteamenginewereusedinfewproductionallink,suchasinhoisting,waterdrainage,ventilationetc.Somequitebackwardminingmethods,liketheentryretreatingminingandabandonedpill