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2012SeventhInternationalConferenceonKnowledge,InformationandCreativitySupportSystemsDemandresponsearchitecturesandloadmanagementalgorithmsforenergy-efficientpowergrids:asurveyYeeWeiLaw∗TansuAlpcan∗VincentC.-S.Lee†AnthonyLo‡SlavenMarusic∗MarimuthuPalaniswami∗∗Dept.ofElectrical&ElectronicEngineering,TheUniversityofMelbourne,Parkville,VIC3010,Australia†ClaytonSchoolofInformationTechnology,MonashUniversity,Clayton,VIC3800,Australia‡DelftUniversityofTechnology,Mekelweg4,2628CDDelft,TheNetherlandsAbstract—Apowergridhasfoursegments:generation,trans-Flatteningthedemandcurveisanotherwayofmakingamission,distributionanddemand.Untilnow,utilitieshavebeengridmoreenergy-efficient.Tounderstandthis,consideraloadfocusingonstreamliningtheirgeneration,transmissionandthatdrawsacurrentof2iforhalfoftheday,butnocurrentdistributionoperationsforenergyefficiency.Whileloadshavetraditionallybeenapassivepartofagrid,withrapidadvancesfortherestoftheday,andtherebyincurringalinelossthat(2i)2×1inICT,demand-sidetechnologiesnowplayanincreasinglyisproportionalto2day.Consideranotherloadthatimportantroleintheenergyefficiencyofpowergrids.Thispaperdrawsacurrentofithroughouttheday,andtherebyincurringstartsbyintroducingthekeyconceptsofdemand-sidemanage-alinelossthatisproportionaltoi2×1day.Thelatterloadmentanddemand-sideloadmanagement.Classicaldemand-sidewhichrepresentsaflatdemandincurshalfasmuchlineloss.managementdefinessixloadshapeobjectives,ofwhich“peakclipping”and“loadshifting”aremostwidelyapplicableandTherefore,aflatdemandcurveisbetterforenergyefficiency,mostrelevanttoenergyefficiency.Atpresent,thepredominantandalsobetterforinfrastructureutilization.Naturally,agriddemand-sidemanagementactivityisdemandresponse(DR).Thiswillalsobemoreenergy-efficientifmoreconsumersusepapersurveysDRarchitectures,whichareICTarchitecturesenergy-efficientappliances.forenablingDRprogramsaswellasloadmanagement.ThisWhileutilitieshavenodirectcontrolovertheircustomers’paperalsosurveysloadmanagementsolutionsforrespondi
