三年（2019-2021）年高考真题分项汇编专题04动词和动词短语一、2021年高考真题1.（2021.3天津卷单选）HenryDavidThoreauwashappytosocialfromlife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessofhislife.A.judgeB.differC.withdrawD.benefit【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：梭罗乐于退出社会生活，在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge判断；B.differ不同于；C.withdraw撤退、（使）退出；D.benefit对……有用。根据句意可知，本空应填withdraw。故选：C。2.（2021.6浙江卷完形填空）Atthisstore,people8thenandgoofftothesidetobagtheirowngroceries.Mymotherwasputtinghergroceriesintoshoppingbagswhenastrangercameupherandsaid.8.A.showupB.callinC.checkoutD.sitdown【答案】选C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A.showup出现，露面；B.call召来，in拜访；C.checkout结账离开；D.sitdown坐下。根据句意"人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品"可知是"结账"，故选C。3.（2021.6全国甲卷完形填空）Theyrushedtothewindow,30or40birdsalltryingto13atthesame—everywhere.time,andpepperoni13.A.wakeupB.getoutC.takeoffD.breakin【答案】选B【解析】考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A.wakeup唤醒B.getout出去C.takeoff脱下；起飞D.breakin闯入。故选B。4.（2021.6新高考1卷完形填空）11bitandathecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI'dexpected.11.A.CalmdownB.SlowdownC.StayonD.Moveon【答案】选B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。5.（2021.3天津卷完形填空）Withthatthoughtinmind,Pruitt7aplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.A.cameupwithB.stucktoC.gaveupD.brokeawayfrom【答案】选A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A.comeupwith提出；B.stick坚持；toC.giveup放弃；D.breakawayfrom突然逃跑。根据后文"aplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite"指想出了一个计划，comeupwith符合语境。故选A。二、2020年高考真题1.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifweareto_____garbageinashorttime.A.clarifyB.justifyC.satisfyD.classify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A.clarify澄清；B.justify证明；C.satisfy满足；D.classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。2.Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s,______anewgenerationofvirtualreality.A.allowingforB.accountingforC.callingforD.compensatingfor【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A.allowingfor使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B.accountingfor解释；C.c