MAResearchMethodsinAppliedLinguisticsExamPreparationPAGE\*MERGEFORMAT9OutlineTheexamwillhavethreeparts,withthefollowingsubsections.Undereachofthesubsectionsinthisoutline,youwillfindalistofthekeyconceptsthatyouneedtounderstandandmasterinordertobeabletoanswerthequestionsintheexamination.Thetableattheendwillbegiventoyouduringtheexam-youdoNOTneedtomemoriseit,butyoudoneedtounderstandwhatitisaboutandhowitworks.PartIReadingandwritingresearcharticlesReferencingUnderstandingabstractsandstudydesignsKeyconcepts:howtowriteandunderstandreferences,longitudinalvs.cross-sectionalstudies.PartIIMethodologyCorporaKeyconcepts:typesofcorpora,techniquesofcorpusanalysisElicitinglearnerlanguageandintrospectionKeyconcepts:elicitation,elicitedimitation,acceptabilityjudgement,grammaticalityjudgement,introspection,stimulatedrecall,thinkaloud,strengthsandweaknessesofthesetechniques.ObservationKeyconcepts:observationschedule,strengthsandweaknessesofobservationtechniquesQuestionnairesandinterviewsKeyconcepts:indicators,typesofquestion,pitfallsinquestionnaireandinterviewdesign,strengthsandweaknessofquestionnaireandinterviewtechniques.CorrelationalandexperimentalstudiesKeyconcepts:typesofexperimentsandexperimentaldesign,includingtrueexperimentsandquasi-experiments,validity,reliabilityPartIIIStatisticsResearchquestionsandvariablesKeyconcepts:typesofresearchquestion,independentvariables,dependentvariables,confoundingvariablesStudydesignandtestselectionKeyconcepts:within-participants(relatedorrepeatedmeasures),between-participants(unrelatedorindependentmeasures),howtoselectatestusingthetableprovidedDescriptiveandinferentialstatisticsKeyconcepts:typesofdata,measuresofcentraltendency(mean,medianandmode),measuresofdispersion(range,inter-quartilerangeandstandarddeviation),interpretinggraphs(correlations),typesofhypothesis,statisticalsignificance,p-value,interpretingtheoutputoftestsfordifferences(e.g.t-test),correlations(e.g.PearsonorSpearmantest)andassociations(e.