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法律英语THEHISTORICALCONTEXTfrom：PriortotheadoptionoftheCon-stitution，theUnitedStateswasgovernedbytheArticlesofConfederation.UndertheArticles，almostallfunctionsofthenationalgovernmentwerevestedinasingle-chamberlegislaturecalledCongress.Therewasnoseparationofexecutiveandlegislativepowers.TheabsenceofanationaljudiciarywasconsideredamajorweaknessoftheArticlesofConfederation.Consequently，thedelegatesgatheredattheConstitutionalConventioninPhiladelphiain1787expressedwide-spreadagreementthatanationaljudi-ciaryshouldbeestablished.Agooddealofdisagreementarose，however，onthespecificformthatthejudcialbranchshouldtake.
