Consciousness-raisingactivitiesConsciousness-raisingactivitiesByDaveWillisandJaneWillisIndeedthegrammar-translationapproachtolanguageteachingcertainlyembodiedC-R.Learnersworkedfromlanguagedatatoformulaterulesforlanguageproduction.Undergrammar-translation,however,therewasgenerallyaveryrestrictedrangeofC-Rtechniquesandthemethodologypaidaveryhighpriceinotherways–byrestrictingexposuretothetargetlanguage,forexample.OneoftheearlyattemptstodefineC-R(Sharwood-Smith1981)specificallyaddressesKrashen'swork.Rutherford's(1987)SecondLanguageGrammar:LearningandTeachingisalandmarkinthedevelopmentofC-Randtherearemanyrecentcontributions;some(eg:James1994)takinguniversalgrammar(seeShortall,Paper4)asastartingpoint,others(egEllis1992)takingamoregeneralapproach.AhighlyaccessibleintroductiontothenotionofC-RistobefoundinEllis(1993).FortherationalewhichliesbehindC-Rwewouldreferyoutothesourcescitedabove.Thisarticleisintendedmoreasado-it-yourselfmanualfortheanalysisandconstructionofC-RactivitiesthanasadiscussionofthenatureandvalueofC-R.WewillofferabriefdefinitionofC-Randwillthenmoveontolookatwhataspectsoflanguageitcanhelpustostudyandhowwecanorganizethatstudyforourlearners.WhatisC-R?WhatC-Ractivitiescanweuse?Whatpossiblestartingpointsarethere?semanticconcepts→mainthemes,lexicalfields,notions,functions,metaphor:expressingthefuture,movement,negatives,causeandresult/effect,“Timeismoney”(spend,save,waste)CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISINGACTIVITIESCanstartfrom→Ⅰ:Awordorpartofaword:as,in,of,any,that,would-ed,-ly,-s,&-’s→Ⅱ：CategoriesofmeaningBy1+ing2withagent3time(before)4place(near,closeto)SomeexamplesofC-RactivitiesC-RactivitiesbasedonaspokentextEL:Right.RS:Buterm,Ithinkparticularlyifyou'vehadreallyhotsteamingweatherandthenthestormbreaks,it'sjustsomething!EL:Andyoulikebeingoutinthemiddleofit?RS:Lovely,ifIt's-asIsay-ifthere'snotmuchlightningoranything,that'dbefine.EL:Mm.RS:Butit'sabit-Itendtobesortofsensibleandstayindoors.EL:Right.RS:Erm.ThundercanbequitescarysometimesbutI'mnottooworried.EL:Doyougethe