Unit2Lesson1AudiostudioWhenitcomestointelligence,therehasalwaysbeenonefundamentalquestion:Isintelligenceafunctionofnature?Isitsimplyencodedinachild’sgenes?Orisitafunctionofnurture?Isitmoreabouttheenvironmentthatachildgrowsupin?Ontheonehand,ifwetaketwopeopleatrandomfromthecrowd,itisverylikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.However,ifwetaketwoidenticaltwins,chancesarethattheywillbeasintelligentaseachother.Therefore,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Ontheotherhand,though,ifweputidenticaltwinsindifferentenvironments,wewouldfinddifferencesintheirintelligenceseveralyearslater,whichindicatesthatenvironmentdoesplayacrucialroleinpeople’sintelligence.Recently,datahasclearlyindicatedthatnurtureisindeedmorethan50%oftheequation.Thatisgoodnewsforeducators,butevenbetternewsforsocietyasawhole.Fortunately,PresidentObamahascomeoutinstrongsupportofearlychildhoodeducation,particularlyforthosechildrenmostatriskofschoolfailure.Investinginqualitypre-schoolopportunitiesclearlyhelpsgivechildrenfrompoverty-strickenareasthechanceatastrongerstartinschoolandinlife.Ifweareseriousabouthelpingourchildrensucceedinschool,ifwearetrulyinterestedin“LeavingNoChildBehind,”wewilltakeahardlookatthiscompellingdataandbegininvestinggreatersumsattheearlychildhoodlevel.VideostudioEinstein’sdestinyasagreatphysicistwasnotobvious.Asachild,hispassionwasmusic,notphysics.“Ioftenthinkinmusic.Ilivemydaydreamsinmusic.IfIwerenotaphysicist,Iwouldprobablybeamusician.”ButEinstein’slifechangedwhenhewasgivenabookongeometry.Theuniversecouldbetamedthroughnumbers.Hislife’sworkwouldbetocontrolthemusicoftheuniverse.Duringhislife,Einsteinchangedourconceptofspaceandtimeforever.Heharnessedenergy,massandthespeedoflightinthemostfamousequationalltime—EequalsMCsquared.WhatmadeEinstein’sbrainsoexceptional?Dr.JimAl-Khalili,likeEinstein,isaphysicistandisobsessedbytheworkofhishero.BrainspecialistMarkLythgoehuntsforsecretsofcreativityinsidethehumanmind.“MynameisDr