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重点1DefinitionofcultureCultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,institutionsandmunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpassedthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.重点2Characteristicsofculture(10)1、CultureissharedCultureisasystemofsharedvaluesbeliefsorpatternsofbehaviorsheldinagroup,organizationorsociety.Itisnotpropertyofanyindividual.2、cultureiscumulativeHumanbeliefs,artsetc.areresultsofmanygenerations.Everygenerationscandiscoverthenewthings.Thenewknowledgeareaddedtowhatwaslearnedinpreviousgenerations.3、cultureislearnedCultureisnotinherentwithanypeople.Culturecannotbegeneticallyandautomaticallypasseddownfrompreviousgenerations.Anditshouldbetaughtandlearnedbypeople.4、cultureisadaptiveCultureiscreatedbyhumans.Humanshavetoadapttheenvironment.thusisindevelopmentbearsthetraitofbeingadaptive5、cultureisdynamicAtthesametimethatnewcultureareadded,andtheoldonesarelostbecausetheyarenolongeruseful.6、cultureissymbolicSymbolsgenerallyserveasmunicativetoolsforamultitudepurposes,onapersonsaswellasculturelevel.、cultureisrelationalCultureisanorganicwhole.Alltheponentsofcultureareinterlinked.、cultureisimplicitande*plicitSomelayerscultureareeasytobeobserve,likeeating,dressing,talking.Buttheideasunderlyingthebehaviorsaregenerallyhardtoknow.Manyscholarslabelthecultureasiceberg.9、cultureisuniversal10、cultureisdiversified重点3Hall’sdimensionsHighconte*tHigh-conte*tmunicationreliesheavilyonnonverbal,conte*tualandsharedculturalmeanings.Themeaningsarenotfullye*pressed.Meaningsaredeterminedby"howthingsaresaid,ratherthan"whatissaid.日本欧洲东部和南部阿拉伯CollectivismLowconte*tVerbalcodesratherthantheinformationimpliesClearstraightandto-the-pointmunication美国德国斯堪的纳维亚IndividualismMonochromiccultureDoonethingatonetime,Concentrateonthejob,taketimeseriously,low-conte*tandneedinformation,mittothejob,religiouslytotheplans,notdisturbingothers,seldomborroworlendthings,emphasizepromptnessPolychromiccultureDomanythingsatonce,subjecttointerruptions,cons
