PAGEPAGE14起升机构等级计算及安全原则起升机构的安全运行周期取决于是否按特定的工作等级正确使用。根据国家标准规定，起重机的起升机构工作等级由载荷谱和日均运行当量时间确定。Safeandeffectiveoperationofthehoistisdependentoncorrectclassificationofthehoistrsquo;soperationgroup.AccordingtoFEM9.511andChinastandardthehoistrsquo;soperatinggroupcanbedeterminedfromloadspectrumandaverageDailyoperatingtime.1载荷谱LoadSpectrum载荷谱可以根据下面表格确定Theloadspectrumcanbedeterminedfromthetablebelow轻级偶尔吊满载经常吊轻载固定载荷轻中级偶尔吊满载经常吊轻载固定载荷半载重级重复吊满载经常吊半载固定载荷重超重级几乎全吊满载固定载荷超重LightOccasionalfullloadUsuallylightloadSmallfixedloadMediumOccasionalfullloadUsuallylightloadAveragefixedloadHeavyRepetitivefullloadUsuallyaverageloadHeavyfixedloadVeryHeavyUsuallyalmostfullloadVeryheavyfixedload2日均当量使用时间Averagedailyoperatingtime日均当量使用时间可以根据实际使用时间按统计方法测算，参考公式如下：Theaveragedailyoperatingtimeofthehoistcanbecalculatedfromtherunningtimeofthehoistingmachinery(Hours/day):参考公式Formulat=(2xNxHxT)/(Vx60)H=平均起升高度averagehoistingheight(m)N=平均每小时工作循环次数numberofworkcyclesperhour(cycles/h)T=日均工作时间dailyworkingtime(h)V=起升速度hoistingspeed(m/min)3工作级别确定Determiningtheoperatinggroupofthehoist当载荷谱和日均当量使用时间确定后，可以根据下面表中数据查出工作级别：Whentheloadspectrumandtheaveragedailyoperatingtimeofthehoistareidentified,thehoistrsquo;soperatinggroupisobtainedfromthetablebelow:载荷谱LoadSpectrum日平均当量使用时间AveragedailyoperatingtimeISO(GB)/FEM(小时/天hoursperday)le;0.5le;1le;2le;4le;8le;16轻级LightM31BmM41AmM52mM63m中级MediumM31BmM41AmM52mM6