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中科大操作系统课件01.ppt

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MODERNOPERATINGSYSTEMSThirdEditionANDREWS.TANENBAUMChapter1IntroductionOutlineWhatIsAnOperatingSystemWhatisanOperatingSystem?WhatIsAnOperatingSystemWhatisanOperatingSystem?WhatisanOperatingSystem?Whatisanoperatingsystem?TheOperatingSystemasanExtendedMachineAsanextendedmachineTheOperatingSystemasaResourceManagerAsaresourcemanagersummaryHistoryofOperatingSystems1st:vacuumtubes2nd:transistorsandbatchsystems2nd:TransistorsandBatchSystems(1)TransistorsandBatchSystems(2)TransistorsandBatchSystems(4)3rd:ICandMultiprogrammingFigure1-5.Amultiprogrammingsystemwiththreejobsinmemory.3rd:IcsandMultiprogramming3rd:ICandMultiprogramming4th:personalcomputersSummaryComputerHardwareReviewHardware:processorAreferenceCPUPipeliningCPUPipelineFigure1-8.(a)Aquad-corechipwithasharedL2cache.(b)Aquad-corechipwithseparateL2caches.Figure1-9.Atypicalmemoryhierarchy.Thenumbersareveryroughapproximations.memoryQuestionswhendealingwithcache:Whentoputanewitemintothecache.Whichcachelinetoputthenewitemin.Whichitemtoremovefromthecachewhenaslotisneeded.Wheretoputanewlyevictediteminthelargermemory.Figure1-10.Structureofadiskdrive.DisksFigure1-11.(a)ThestepsinstartinganI/Odeviceandgettinganinterrupt.I/OdevicesBootingtheComputerTheOperatingSystemZooProcessesAddressspacesFilesInput/OutputProtectionTheshellOntogenyrecapitulatesphylogenyLargememoriesProtectionhardwareDisksVirtualmemoryprocessesProcessesAddressSpaceFigure1-14.Afilesystemforauniversitydepartment.Figure1-15.(a)Beforemounting,thefilesontheCD-ROMarenotaccessible.(b)Aftermounting,theyarepartofthefilehierarchy.Figure1-16.Twoprocessesconnectedbyapipe.SystemcallsFigure1-17.The11stepsinmakingthesystemcallread(fd,buffer,nbytes).Figure1-18.SomeofthemajorPOSIXsystemcalls.Figure1-18.SomeofthemajorPOSIXsystemcalls.Figure1-18.SomeofthemajorPOSIXsystemcalls.Figure1-18.SomeofthemajorPOSIXsystemcalls.Figure1-19.Astripped-downshell.Figure1-20.Processeshavethreesegments:text,data,andstack.Figure1-21.(a)Twodirectoriesbeforelinking/usr/jim/memotoast’