预览加载中，请您耐心等待几秒...
1/10
2/10
3/10
4/10
5/10
6/10
7/10
8/10
9/10
10/10
亲，该文档总共17页，到这已经超出免费预览范围，如果喜欢就直接下载吧～
如果您无法下载资料，请参考说明：
1、部分资料下载需要金币，请确保您的账户上有足够的金币
2、已购买过的文档，再次下载不重复扣费
3、资料包下载后请先用软件解压，在使用对应软件打开
编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第PAGE17页共NUMPAGES17页第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT17页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT17页Lesson1HowItAllBeganOil.Petroleum.Blackgold.Formedunderthesurfaceoftheearthmillionsofyearsago,manhaslongbeenawareoftheexistenceofoil.Yet,ithasonlybeeninthelasthundredyearsorsothatmanhasfullyrealizeditsvalueandusefulness.Inhardlymorethanacentury,ourmodernsocietyhasbecometotallydependentuponthemenandwomenanddreamsandrealitiesofthepetroleumindustry.Todaywedependuponpetroleumproductsnotonlyfortransportation,heating,andgeneratingelectricity,butalsoforfertilizersandfabrics,plasticsandpantyhose.munitionsandmedicines,paintsandpesticides,andthousandsofotheritemswetakeforgrantedeveryday.Otherfuels,suchascoalanduranium,wouldnotbeavailablewithoutthedieselfuelandpetroleum-basedexplosivesrequiredtomine,transport,andprocessthem,orthebillionsofcubicfeetofnaturalgasnecessarytomanufacturethePortlandcementneededtobuildthegeneratingstationstheyfuel.Inshort,asthepastdecadehaspainfullytaughtus,theworld’seconomyisbasednotongoldorpoliticalphilosophies,butratheronthepriceofabarrelofcrude.Manfirstbecameacquaintedwithpetroleumthroughnatural“seeps,”orspotsontheearth’ssurfacewhereshallowdepositsofcrudeoil—andoftennaturalgas—oozedupwardsintopits,creeks,andmarshes,oralongbeachesandbays.Petroleum,asthe“rockoil”,wascalledbytheancients,isreferredtonotonlyintheBible,butalsoinman’searliestrecordedhistory.OilseepsandbitumenpitsfurnishedthepitchandasphaltusedinthemortarthatbuilttheTowerofBabel,thewallsofNinevah,andSolomon’stemple.Itwasfrom“slimepits”neartheDeadSea,thattheEgyptiansobtainedthebitumentheyusedtoembalmtheirdead.In3000B.C.theSumerianswereusingoil-burninglamps,apracticeadoptedinGreecearound250B.C.IntheEast,sometimeafter100B.C.,theChinesewerediggingwellshundredsoffeetdeeptoobtainsaltwaterfromwhichtheyextractedthesodiumchloridetoseasonandpreservetheirfood.Occasionallythesewellsalsoproducednaturalgas,whichtheChineselearnedtousenotonlyforheatingandcooking,butalsotopipethrough
