语言学概论试卷(五)ⅠFillinthefollowingblankswithappropriatewordsandexpressions.(20%,onepointforeachblank)1.InChomsky’sterm,is“thespeaker-hearer’sknowledgeofhislanguage”,whileis“theactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations”.2.Thestudyofalanguageisconcernedwiththechangesorhistoricaldevelopmentofthelanguagethroughtime.3.Thespeechorgansabovethelarynxformthevocaltract.Thevocaltractcanbedividedintothethatiswithinthemouthandpharynx,andthethatiswithinthenose.4.arevowelsthatconsistofamovementorglidefromonevoweltoanother.5.Iftwosoundscanoccurinthesameenvironmentandthesubstitutionofonesoundfortheotherdoesmotcauseachangeofmeaning,thentheyaresaidtobein.6.languagearelanguagesthatusepitchtocontrastmeaningsatwordlevel,whereaslanguagearelanguagesthatusepitchtodistinguishdifferentmeaningsatphraselevelorsentencelevel.7.Freemorphemescanbedividedintotwosub-groups:morphemesandmorphemes.8.referstothephenomenonthatthereisnomotivatedrelationshipbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.9.relationisakindofrelationbetweenlinguisticformsinasentenceandlinguisticformsoutsidethesentence.10.Howcanwedecidetowhichsyntacticcategoryacertainlinguisticformbelongs?Generallyspeaking,wemaydetermineitaccordingtoandfeaturessharedbylinguisticformsthatbelongtothesameclass.11.Thephrasestructureruleswithpropertycanaccountforthecreativeaspectoflanguage.12.TheT-ruleshavetobeappliedifwewanttoobtainwell-formedsentences,suchasT-Affix.13.aretherealizationsofphonemesingeneralwhilearetherealizationofaparticularphoneme.14.Theprimaryfunctionofinflectionalmorphemesisnottotransmitinformation,buttoconvey.ⅡChoosetherightanswerthatfitseachblanksinthesentencesfromthefourchoicesgiven.(15%,onepointforeach)1.Bysayinglanguageis,wemeanthatwecannotgiveasoundreasonwhysuchaformispronouncedinthiswayratherthaninthatway,andwhyaparticularmeaningshouldbeindicatedbythisformratherthanbythatform.A.creativeB.symbolicC.double-structuredD.arbitrary2.knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutwhetherasentenceisgrammaticalornot.A.PhonologicalB.Mo