国际贸易实务_双语_附术语中英文对译【实用文档】doc文档可直接使用可编辑，欢迎下载国际贸易实务教案Chapter1BriefIntｒoducｔionｔoInternａtionalＴrａｄe国际贸易简介１。1Reａsoｎsfoｒiｎterｎａｔionaｌtｒade１.1。1ＲeｓoｕｒceｓRｅasonｓ（1）Natuｒalreｓouｒcｅs.（２)Faｖｏraｂlecｌｉｍａteｃｏndｉtionsａndｔerrａin．（３）Skiｌｌｅdworkerｓandcaｐiｔaｌrｅsources.（4)Favorablｅgeographicloｃatioｎandｔranspｏrtationcosｔs。1。１。2EconomicＲeasoｎs（1)Compaｒaｔｉｖeａdvantａgｅ(2)Stroｎgdomesｔicｄemａnｄ(3)Innovａtｉonorstyle１。1.3PoliticalＲeasonｓ1．2ＰrｏblemsCｏｎcerningInternatｉoｎａlＴrade1.2。1CｕｌｔuｒalPｒｏblemｓ(1）Lａnｇuａge.(２）Cuｓtomｓaｎdｍaｎｎers。１．2.２MonetaｒyConｖersiｏｎs1。2。3TrａdeBａrｒierｓＩnｄivｉduaｌｃouｎｔｒiesputcontroｌsｏntrａdｅforthｅfollowｉngｔｈｒeeｒｅasoｎs:(1)Toｃoｒrｅcｔabaｌance—oｆ—pａymentsdefiｃit.（2)Fｏrreａsonsoｆnatiｏnalsｅcurity。（3）Toｐroteｃttheiｒｏwｎinduｓtriesａgaiｎsttｈｅcompetｉｔionoffoｒeiｇngoodｓ．Althougｈtaｒiｆｆshａvｅｂeenlowerｅdｓubstａｎtiａllyｂyinterｎatioｎaｌａgｒｅeｍents,counｔriｅsｃｏntｉnuｅtouseｏｔherdｅvicestoｌｉmitｉmpｏｒtｓortoincreaseexports。Somｅofｔheseare:（1）ｒeqｕiriｎgimｐorｔｌiｃenｓesthatpermｉtonlｙspeｃificvoｌｕmｅｓｏｒvaluesimportｓ;（2)settingquotasｔhaｔliｍiｔtｈetotalvａｌuｅorｖｏlumｅofaproｄucｔtｏbeimpｏrteｄ;（3)limｉtiｎｇgoverｎmｅntpurchaseｓtofirmswｉthinthecountry;(4）ａｐpｌyｉｎgstaｎdardsfoｒsafｅty，ｃｏnｓuｍerprotection，oroｔheｒrｅaｓons,ｗhichｆoreigｎｐroｄｕｃtｓｍaynotｂeabletoｍｅｅt；（5)makingspecialpayｍｅｎtscalleｄｅxｐortsubsiｄｉｅstoencoｕrageｌｏcalｅｘporteｒsｔoincreａｓeｆoｒeigｎsalｅs；(6）targetｉng-—aｎｅwteｒmmｅaｎiｎgｔheｉmposｉtiｏnｏｆapackageｏｆmeaｓｕrestogiｖeceｒtａiｎlｏｃalｉndustriesaｃｏmpetitiｖｅadvanｔaｇeｉnｅxｐoｒtmarketｓ．Itmiｇhｔincｌudeｅｘｐｏrtｓuｂsidieｓ，teｃｈｎicalasｓｉｓtancｅ,sｕｂsiｄiesforreｓeａrchaｎddevelopmeｎｔ,andfinａnciａlａsｓisｔance；(7)rｅqｕiringlicenｓeｓtoｏbtａinforeigｎcｕrｒenciｅsbythoｓeｗｈｏwaｎttoｂuygoodsfromabroaｄ——thuslｉmitinｇｔhｅquantiｔｙofiｍｐoｒtsｔｈeycａｎbｕｙ；（8）reｄucｉｎgtheｖaｌuｅofａｎａtiｏn’ｓcurrｅncyｉｎreｌaｔiontothatoｆｔheｒestoftheｗoｒldsothａtitｓexｐｏrtｅdgoodｓcoｓtｌessinotheｒcouｎtｒiesandｉtsimpｏrtｓcoｓtｍore;（９)impｏsingcondｉｔiｏnsonfｏreignｐroducｔssｕｃhａsreｑｕｉriｎgｔhattheｉrgｏodscontainacerｔainａmｏｕｎtofloｃallypｒodｕcｅｄprodｕｃｔs;（10）ｒeｓtｒｉctｉnｇtradeinbanking，inｓurance,andothｅrservｉcepｒof