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PAGEPAGE14软件工程课后习题答案Chapter1ThedefinitionforsoftwarepresentedinSection1.2appliestotheWebsites.Thereare,however,subtledifferencesbetweenaWebsiteandconventionalsoftware.AmongthemostimportantarethatthecontentthataWebsitepresentsisconsideredtobepartoftheWebApplicationwhilethatdataprocessedbyconventionalsoftwareisoftenconsideredtobeseparatefromtheprocessingfunctionsdelivered.Whowouldhavethoughtthatsoftwarewouldleadto:(1)achangeinthedatinghabitsofmanyyoungpeople(Internetdating);(2)thewaypeoplecommunicate(cellphones);(3)methodsofwarfare(cyberweapons);(4)thediagnosisofdiseases(MRIsandrelatedcomputer-baseddiagnosticdevices),and(5)themannerinwhichpeopleacquireandenjoymedia(music,DVDs,etc.).TheLawofConservationofFamiliarity:Asthesystemevolvestheusersengineers,developersallthoseassociatedmusthavethecompleteknowledgeofthecontentandbehaviortoachievesatisfactoryresults.Increaseingrowthmaydiminishthatknowledge(mastery);hencetheaverageincreaseingrowthremainsinvariantasthesystemevolves.Manymodernapplicationschangefrequentlybeforetheyarepresentedtotheenduserandthenafterthefirstversionshavebeenused.Afewwaystobuildsoftwaretostopdeteriorationduetochangewouldbe:Makesurethatsoftwareisdesignedsothatchangesinonepartofaprogramdonotcreateside-effectsinanotherpartoftheprogram.Makesurethatsoftwareisdesignedsothatitdoesnotdependonexternaldevicesorsystemsthatarelikelytochangewithtime.Makesuretestcasesandresultsarearchivedandavailablesothatthesoftwarecanberetestedwhenchangesaremade.Makesureyouspendtimeunderstandingwhatthecustomerwants.Thetwobroadestcategoriesencompassrisksassociatedwitheconomiclossandriskstothewellbeingofpeople.Itmightbeagoodideatoselectfiverisks(culledfromthesourcesnoted)andpresentthemtotheclass.Lookforhumorousaswellasseriousrisks.Thesameapproachtosoftwareengineeringcanbeappliedforeachofthesixcategories,butitmustbeadaptedtoaccommodatethespecialrequirementsofeachcategory.Thereareliterallydozensofreallifecircumstancestochoosefrom.Forexample,softwareerrorsthatha
